- 20
- Close relationship: a theoretical survey of research and conceptualisation of the model
- Saporovskaya M.V., Ekimchik O.A., Opekina T.P. Close relationship: a theoretical survey of research and conceptualisation of the model. Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, 2021, vol. 27, № 4, pp. 144-154. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-4-144-154
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-4-144-154
- УДК: 159.9:316.6
- Publish date: 2021-11-05
- Annotation: The article presents a conceptual model of close relationships. Close relationships are a specific and multicomponent phenomenon in the living space of modernity. On the basis of the analysis of sources and rethinking of the data obtained earlier, close relationships are considered as a type of interpersonal relations. It is a meaningful, selective relationship of people aimed at satisfying their need for love and belonging, based on affiliative feelings and attachment. Closeness in relationships is defined as a structural property of the dyad, including the strength, frequency, psychological distance, the variety of interrelationships that exist between people. It is noted that close relationships are set by social roles. Reciprocal roles, for example, parent and child, husband and wife set the initial belonging of these relationships to the category of close, but do not guarantee the presence in them of intimacy as a qualitative characteristic. The invariant (partners' attachment to each other, emotional experiences, psychological distance; value-semantic unity; involvement) categorical attributes of close relationships were identified. The variation signs characterising their main types (romantic, marital, friendship, love, kinship) are described. It is noted that the dynamics conditioned by the totality of factors determines the variety of close relationships – dysfunctional and functional. We understood the limitations and prospects for further developments in this area.
- Keywords: close relationships, intimacy, affection, relationship dynamics, relationship typology, relationship stresses, “new” functionality or dysfunctionality
- Funding and acknowledgments: The study was carried out with the financial support of the State Task FZEW-2020-0005
- Literature list: Bern E. Igry, v kotorye igraiut liudi. Liudi, kotorye igraiut v igry [Games played by people. People who play games]. Moscow, 2018, 560 p. (In Russ.) Boulbi D. Priviazannost' [Attachment]. Moscow, 2003, 447 p. (In Russ.) Bochaver K.A. Romanticheskie otnosheniia v iunosheskom vozraste (predstavleniia o preodolenii trudnostei) [Romantic relationships in adolescence (perceptions of coping)]: avtoref. … dis. kand. psikhol. nauk. Moscow, 2012, 26 p. (In Russ.) Ekimchik O.A., Grigorova T.P., Smirnova N.S. Dinamicheskie aspekty blizkikh (romanticheskikh) otnoshenii i sovladaiushchee povedenie partnerov [Dynamic aspects of close (romantic) relationships and coping behavior of partners]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Pedagogika. Psikhologiia. Sotsial'naia rabota. Iuvenologiia. Sotsiokinetika [Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics], 2013, vol. 19/3, pp. 144–150. (In Russ.) Ekimchik O.A. Psikhologicheskie aspekty liubvi u vzroslykh [Psychological aspects of love in adults]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriia, Pedagogika. Psikhologiia. Sotsiokinetika [Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics], 2009, vol. 15/2, pp. 176–180. (In Russ.) Kazantseva T.V. Sotsial'no-psikhologicheskie determinanty mezhlichnostnoi priviazannosti [Socio-psychological determinants of interpersonal attachment]: avtoref. dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. St. Petersburg, 2011, 25 p. (In Russ.) Kliain M. Liubov', vina i reparatsiia [Love, guilt, and reparation]. Izhevsk, 2007, vol. 2, 386 p. (In Russ.) Kon I.S. Druzhba, etiko-psikhologicheskii ocherk [Friendship: An Ethical and Psychological Essay]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2005, 330 p. (In Russ.) Kriukova T.L., Ekimchik O.A. Fabbing kak ugroza blagopoluchiiu blizkikh otnoshenii [Fabbing as a threat to the well-being of intimate relationships], Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2019, vol. 27/3, pp. 61–76. (In Russ.) Kriukova T.L., Ekimchik O.A., Opekina T.P. Psikhologiia sovladaniia s trudnostiami v blizkikh (mezhlichnostnykh) otnosheniiakh [Psychology of coping with difficulties in close (interpersonal) relationships]. Kostroma, 2020, 340 p. (In Russ.) Kriukova T.L., Ekimchik O.A., Opekina T.P., Shipova N.S. Stress i sovladanie v sem'e v period samoizoliatsii vo vremia pandemii COVID-19 [Stress and coping in the family during self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic]. Social Psychology and Society, 2020, vol. 11/4, pp. 120–134. (In Russ.) Kulikov L.V. Obshchenauchnye kategorii v otechestvennoi psikhologii [General scientific categories in domestic psychology]. St. Petersburg, 2013, 176 p. (In Russ.) Mokhova E.E. Vozrastnaia dinamika predstavlenii o druge i druzhbe v mladshem shkol'nom vozraste [Age dynamics of perceptions of friendship and friendship in younger school age]: avtoref. … dis. kand. psikhol. nauk. Moscow, 2004, 25 p. (In Russ.) Psikhologiia maloi gruppy, struktura, dinamika, organizatsiia, sb. nauch. trudov [The Psychology of the Small Group: Structure, Dynamics, Organization], comp., ed. by I.G. Samoilova. Kostroma, 2011, 368 p. (In Russ.) Rubinshtein S.L. Bytie i soznanie. Chelovek i mir [Being and Consciousness. Man and the World]. Moscow, 1997, 197 p. (In Russ.) Rumiantseva D.A. Kognitivnye iskazheniia v partnerskikh geteroseksual'nykh otnosheniiakh, postanovka problem [Cognitive distortions in partner heterosexual relationships: posing the problem]. Stages of Growth - 2019: theses of the 71st interregional scientific and practical conference of young scientists. Kostroma, 2019, pp. 353–354. (In Russ.) Satir V. Psikhoterapiia sem'i, trans. I. Avidon, O. Isakova [Family Psychotherapy]. St. Petersburg, 2000, 254 p. (In Russ.) Fromm E. Anatomiia chelovecheskoi destruktivnosti [Anatomy of Human Destructiveness]. Moscow, 1994, 635 p. Khorni K. Nevroticheskaia lichnost' nashego vremeni. Samoanaliz [The neurotic personality of our time. Self-Analysis]. Moscow, 1993, 480 p. (In Russ.) Shipova N.S. Sovladanie s perezhivaniem izmeny v blizkikh otnosheniiakh [Coping with the experience of infidelity in an intimate relationship]: avtoref. dis. ... kand. psikhol. nauk. Kostroma, 2014, 25 p. (In Russ.) Eidemiller E.G., Iustitskis V. Psikhologiia i psikhoterapiia sem'i. [Family Psychology and Psychotherapy]. St. Petersburg, 1999, 368 p. (In Russ.) Erikson E. Identichnost', iunost' i krizis [Identity: Youth and Crisis]. Moscow, 1996, 344 p. (In Russ.) Iung K.G. Brak kak psikhologicheskoe otnoshenie. Konflikty detskoi dushi [Cancer as a psychological attitude. In Conflicts of the Children's Soul]. Moscow, 1995, pp. 209–225. (In Russ.)